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21.
连翘花的结构与繁育系统研究 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
通过定株观察、解剖和人工套袋交叉授粉试验对连翘花的生长发育和繁殖系统进行研究.结果表明:(1)连翘具有2种避免自交的方式,雌雄异位和雌雄异熟.其雌雄异位表现为长雄蕊短雌蕊花型和短雄蕊长雌蕊花型;雌雄异熟表现为长雄蕊短雌蕊花型为雄蕊先于雌蕊成熟,短雄蕊长雌蕊花型表现为雌蕊先于雄蕊成熟.(2)连翘花P/O值测定和户外套袋交叉授粉试验显示,P/O值为2 000±300;不同类型花的异花授粉结果率在50.64%~80.32%,其中短型花的花粉授到长型花柱头的结果率最高,达80.32%,而长型花和短型花的同型花授粉结果率分别为2.92%和34.15%,表明连翘的异花授粉结果率高于自花授粉,以异交为主,其繁育系统属兼性异交.研究结果认为,连翘雌雄异位和雌雄异熟是其自然结果率低下的主要原因,为进一步探讨连翘在木犀科中的系统进化提供了生殖生态学的依据. 相似文献
22.
The MADS-box APETALA1 genes control plant transition to flowering and the floral morphogenesis proper. The experimental evidence of APETALA1 overexpression presumes that this class of genes can also directly affect time to flowering. We therefore cloned and compared homologs of APETALA1 class genes from potato (Solanum tuberosum cultivars adapted to long day conditions) and its wild relative Solanum demissum, a short-day subtropical species. The homologs isolated from these plants belong to the subclass FRUITFULL. The inconsiderable variations in the primary structure of these homologs cannot explain the diverse photoperiodic reactions of particular Solanum genotypes. 相似文献
23.
A FLORICOULA/LEAFY (FLO/LFY) homolog CnFL gene was isolated from the flower bud of a short-day Chrysanthemum nankingense plant during the flowering induction period. The sequence of CnFL contained a 1236 bp open reading frame that encoded a putative protein of 412 amino acids, which shared 68.67% homology with FLO and 60.23% homology with LFY. The spatial expression patterns of CnFL were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR in different tissues and the apical meristem during short-day flowering induction. The results indicated that CnFL was highly expressed in the flower buds while its expression was also detected in the stems, young leaves, and vegetative apical meristem. During the period of flowering induction, CnFL expression increased remarkably and reached its highest levels after 15 days of induction. The expression of CnFL in the apical shoot after short-day flowering induction indicates that CnFL regulation is controlled primarily by photoperiodicity. 相似文献
24.
Yuzuru Matsuda Teruhiko Beppu Kei Arima 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(6):1179-1186
The Oxygen activating mechanism of Fusarium lipoxygenase, a heme-containing dioxygenase, was studied. The enzyme did not require any cofactors, such as H2O2, however, both superoxide dismutase and catalase inhibited linoleate peroxidation by Fusarium lipoxygenase. A low concentration of H2O2 caused a distinct acceleration in enzymatic peroxidation. These results indicate that both O2? and H2O2 are produced as essential intermediates of oxygen activation during formation of linoleate hydroperoxides by Fusarium lipoxygenase. This peroxidation reaction was also prevented by scavengers of singlet oxygen (1O2), but not by scavengers of hydroxy 1 radical (OH). Generation of O2? in the enzyme reaction was detected by its ability to oxidize epinephrine to adrenochrome. Moreover, the rate of peroxide formation was greater in the D2O than in the H2O buffer system. These results suggest that the Haber–Weiss reaction (O2?+H2O2→OH?+OH·+1O2) is taking part in linoleate peroxidation by Fusarium lipoxygenase, and the 1O2 evolved could be responsible for the peroxidation of linoleate. H2O2 produced endogenously in the enzyme reaction might act as an activating factor for the enzyme. This possible mechanism of oxygen activation can explain the absence of a need for exogenous cofactors with Fusarium lipoxygenase in contrast to an other heme-containing dioxygenase, tryptophan pyrrolase, which requires an exogenous activating factor, such as H2O2. 相似文献
25.
本文对‘香槟’月季(80sachinensis‘Xiangbin’)的组织培养技术和诱导试管开花进行了研究。结果表明:以茎段为外植体能诱导获得无菌苗,适宜的启动培养基为MS+6-BA1.0mg-L-1+IBA0.1mg·L-1,幼芽继代增殖的最佳培养基是MS+6.BA1.0mg·L-1。+IBA0.1~0.2mg·L-1,诱导生根的适宜培养基为1/2MS+NAA0.3mg·L-1,生根率达80.0%。诱导试管开花的适宜培养基为MS+6.BA0.5mg·L-1+NAA0.1mg·L-1最适宜的诱导试管开花的蔗糖含量是30g·L-1;在三角瓶中培养,试管花可以正常开放,在培养瓶中培养花芽不能正常开放;MS培养基中增加2倍磷的含量,可以提高花芽诱导率,为25.O%;诱导试管开花的最适培养条件为温度21℃,光照强度80~100μmol·m-2.s-1,光照时间16h—d-1。 相似文献
26.
Tomoo Suzuki Yoshihiro Ichihara Masaru Yamada Kenzo Tonomura 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(4):747-756
Pseudomonas 0–3 strain which was isolated from soil can grow on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a sole carbon source. When 0.5 per cent of PVA (500, 1500 or 2000) was employed as the carbon source in the culture medium, PVA was almost completely lost from the culture fluid after a week and the concentration of total organic carbon measured by a TOC analyzer decreased from the initial value of about 2700 ppm to 250~300 ppm after 7~10 days culture. This bacterium was found to produce and secrete an inducible enzyme which degrade PVA. The way by which this enzyme degrades PVA was examined and the results were obtained which suggested that PVA was broken down oxidatively in a way of endowise splitting. However, the mechanism of PVA degradation has not been clarified yet. The optimum pH and temperature for enzyme activity were examined and they were 7.5~8.5 and 35~45°C, respectively. Morphological and biological characteristics of this bacterium were examined and it was similar to a strain of Pseudomonas boreopolis. 相似文献
27.
Claire Périlleux Alexandra Pieltain Guillaume Jacquemin Frédéric Bouché Nathalie Detry Maria D'Aloia Laura Thiry Pierre Aljochim Martin Delansnay Anne‐Sophie Mathieu Stanley Lutts Pierre Tocquin 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2013,75(3):390-402
Root chicory (Cichorium intybus var. sativum) is a biennial crop, but is harvested to obtain root inulin at the end of the first growing season before flowering. However, cold temperatures may vernalize seeds or plantlets, leading to incidental early flowering, and hence understanding the molecular basis of vernalization is important. A MADS box sequence was isolated by RT‐PCR and named FLC‐LIKE1 (CiFL1) because of its phylogenetic positioning within the same clade as the floral repressor Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS C (AtFLC). Moreover, over‐expression of CiFL1 in Arabidopsis caused late flowering and prevented up‐regulation of the AtFLC target FLOWERING LOCUS T by photoperiod, suggesting functional conservation between root chicory and Arabidopsis. Like AtFLC in Arabidopsis, CiFL1 was repressed during vernalization of seeds or plantlets of chicory, but repression of CiFL1 was unstable when the post‐vernalization temperature was favorable to flowering and when it de‐vernalized the plants. This instability of CiFL1 repression may be linked to the bienniality of root chicory compared with the annual lifecycle of Arabidopsis. However, re‐activation of AtFLC was also observed in Arabidopsis when a high temperature treatment was used straight after seed vernalization, eliminating the promotive effect of cold on flowering. Cold‐induced down‐regulation of a MADS box floral repressor and its re‐activation by high temperature thus appear to be conserved features of the vernalization and de‐vernalization responses in distant species. 相似文献
28.
29.
Dave Kelly Andre Geldenhuis Alex James E. Penelope Holland Michael J. Plank Robert E. Brockie Philip E. Cowan Grant A. Harper William G. Lee Matt J. Maitland Alan F. Mark James A. Mills Peter R. Wilson Andrea E. Byrom 《Ecology letters》2013,16(1):90-98
Mast‐seeding plants often produce high seed crops the year after a warm spring or summer, but the warm‐temperature model has inconsistent predictive ability. Here, we show for 26 long‐term data sets from five plant families that the temperature difference between the two previous summers (ΔT) better predicts seed crops. This discovery explains how masting species tailor their flowering patterns to sites across altitudinal temperature gradients; predicts that masting will be unaffected by increasing mean temperatures under climate change; improves prediction of impacts on seed consumers; demonstrates that strongly masting species are hypersensitive to climate; explains the rarity of consecutive high‐seed years without invoking resource constraints; and generates hypotheses about physiological mechanisms in plants and insect seed predators. For plants, ΔT has many attributes of an ideal cue. This temperature‐difference model clarifies our understanding of mast seeding under environmental change, and could also be applied to other cues, such as rainfall. 相似文献
30.